【1】I know a boy called Tony. 我认识一个名叫托尼的男孩。解答：以上called Tony为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词a boy。相当定语从句I know a boy who is called Tony.I?【主语】//know【谓语动词】//?a boy【宾语】//?called Tony【后置定语】.?备注：a boy called Tony这是一个带有过去分词作定语名词短语，被修饰词a boy 与修饰词Tony具有被动逻辑主谓关系。改成定语从句：即a boy who is called Tony. 如果去掉关系代词who 就是 a boy is called Tony. 一个男孩叫托尼。【2】I?see Tony doing homework. 我看见托尼正在作家庭作业。解答：以上doing homework为现在分词短语作宾语Tony的补足语。I?【主语】//see?【谓语动词】//??Tony【宾语】//??doing homework【宾语补足语】//?.?备注：see Tony doing homework =看见托尼正在作家庭作业，结构为see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事，宾语sb和现在分词doing sth具有主动逻辑主谓关系。相当于sb be doing homework.? 在用上面替换就是Tony is doing homework.托尼正在做家庭作业。